Finally, emotional or psychological abuse typically is defined as a pattern of behavior that impairs a child’s emotional development or sense of self-worth. Finally, social isolation can be devastating for families and family members. Taking into consideration the amount of research data, it would be easy to write an essay about obesity right then and there. Children under 1 year old pose an immense amount of responsibility for their caretakers: they are completely dependent and need constant attention. Child fatalities are the most tragic consequence of maltreatment. Some states include an element of substance abuse in their statutes on child abuse. Is there a connection between a particular area and repeat offenders? Today people need research paper on child abuse so that they could protect their children from child abuse. Beyond being a medical issue, this type of damage can cause problems with social behavior and impulse control, which, again, can be discerned in various ages of children. Emotional abuse includes close confinement, humiliation, and verbal assault. Distinguishing physical injuries due to abuse can be difficult, particularly among younger children who are likely to get hurt or receive injuries while they are playing and learning to become ambulatory. Drug Use and Abuse Project - Drug Use and Abuse Project Research Papers look at a sample of a paper ordered for a research paper with specific guidelines and questions to be answered. Finally, very young children cannot assist in injury diagnoses. How to distinguish the victim of child abuse? Another example can be the consequences of neurological damage. Writing Service UK, Essay The use of capital punishment is advocated for seriously violent criminals, and people are quick to use such idioms as “spare the rod and spoil the child” when it comes to the discipline or punishment of children. Writing Australia, Essay Infant girls had a rate of 14.7 deaths per 100,000 girls of the same age (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, 2006). Some states suggest that harm may be evidenced by an observable or substantial change in behavior, emotional response, or cognition, or by anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or aggressive behavior. Emotional abuse is often the most difficult to prove and, therefore, child protective services may not be able to intervene without evidence of harm to the child. These costs may surface during adolescence, or they may not become evident until abused children have grown up and become abusing parents or abused spouses. Less skilled parents tend to have unrealistic expectations of children. (2006). When the victims of child abuse become abusers? Psychologically, children who have been abused tend to have poor self-images or are passive, withdrawn, or clingy. Understanding child abuse and neglect (7th ed.). In fact, it was not until quite recently that parenting books began to encourage parents to use other strategies than spanking or other forms of corporal punishment in the discipline of their children. When defining types of child abuse, many states incorporate similar elements and definitions into their legal statutes. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, 42 U.S.C.A. One question to be addressed regarding child fatalities is why infants have such a high rate of death when compared to toddlers and adolescents. Toddlers who are abused often become hypervigilant about their environments and others’ moods. Along with this notion is the idea that motherhood is always wonderful; it is the most fulfilling thing a woman can do; and the bond between a mother and her child is strong, glorious, and automatic—all women love being mothers. Some researchers have noted that abused children may experience neurological impairment and problems with intellectual functioning, while others have found a correlation between abuse and heart, lung, and liver disease, as well as cancer (Thomas, 2004). Unfortunately, the messages conveyed to and the actions against children by their families are not always the positive building blocks for which one would hope. Child Abuse and Neglect: The Legalities, IV. We offer professional help with the accomplishment of this demanding task. Infants who are abused or neglected typically develop what is termed failure to thrive syndrome. These daily estimates translate into tremendous national figures. Research informs us that two of the most common triggers for fatal child abuse are crying that will not cease and toileting accidents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (Ed.). Culturally, Americans consider that children are a blessing, raising kids is the most wonderful thing a person can do, and everyone should have children. Older infants may not have developed any language skills, or these developments are quite slow. But, after children are born, there is not much support for couples who have trouble adjusting to parenthood, or who do not absolutely love their new roles as parents. Biological pathologies that may increase the likelihood of someone becoming a child abuser include having substance abuse or dependence problems, or having persistent or reoccurring physical health problems (especially health problems that can be extremely painful and can cause a person to become more self-absorbed, both qualities that can give rise to a lack of patience, lower frustration tolerance, and increased stress). When parents are acting as a result of emotional triggers, the notion of discipline is lost while punishment and pain become the foci. In addition, some babies are simply unhappier than other babies for reasons that cannot be known. You can securely entrust your task to professionals and get a well-written paper in no time! Also, interviewers must be careful that they do not put ideas or answers into the heads of the children they are interviewing. This sample research paper on child abuse features: 7300+ words (25 pages), an outline, APA format in-text citations, and a bibliography with 28 sources. Of those perpetrators that were parents, over 90% were biological parents, 4% were stepparents, and 0.7% were adoptive parents. In 2006, caseworkers substantiated an estimated 905,000 reports of child abuse or neglect. XI. Interviewing children can be extremely difficult because children at various stages of development can remember only certain parts or aspects of the events in their lives. Determining Abuse: Interviewing Children. These less likely injuries may signal instances of child abuse. White and Latino children had lower rates, and Asian children had the lowest rates of child abuse and neglect victimization. More than 40% of child fatalities were attributed to neglect, but physical abuse also was a major contributor. Children who are abused are unlikely to report their victimization because they may not know any better, they still love their abusers and do not want to see them taken away (or do not themselves want to be taken away from their abusers), they have been threatened into not reporting, or they do not know to whom they should report their victimizations. Protection, dissociation, and internal roles: Modeling and treating the effects of child abuse. Serious blows to the head cause internal head injuries, and this is very different from the injuries that result from bumping into things. (Parents who are unable to manage their own lives are unlikely to be successful at managing the lives of their children, and since many children want and need limits, these parents are unable to set them or adhere to them.). Circumstances that can be considered substance abuse include (a) the manufacture of a controlled substance in the presence of a child or on the premises occupied by a child (Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Virginia); (b) allowing a child to be present where the chemicals or equipment for the manufacture of controlled substances are used (Arizona, New Mexico); (c) selling, distributing, or giving drugs or alcohol to a child (Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, and Texas); (d) use of a controlled substance by a caregiver that impairs the caregiver’s ability to adequately care for the child (Kentucky, New York, Rhode Island, and Texas); and (e) exposure of the child to drug paraphernalia (North Dakota), the criminal sale or distribution of drugs (Montana, Virginia), or drug-related activity (District of Columbia). One of the most difficult issues with which the U.S. legal system must contend is that of allowing parents the right to use corporal punishment when disciplining a child, while not letting them cross over the line into the realm of child abuse. At a practical level, emotional abuse is almost always present when other types of abuse are identified. Determining Abuse: How to Tell Whether a Child Is Abused or Neglected, X. Paper presented at the National Council on Family Relations Annual Conference, Washington, DC. In this piece of art, we shall discuss the need to make mandatory reporting of child abuse by clergy and the role of the media in ensuring this is done in nations where this move is not supported. Once child abuse is suspected, law enforcement officers, child protection workers, or various other practitioners may need to interview the child about the abuse or neglect he or she may have suffered. Child Abuse Perpetrators: The Patterns, VIII. Promo code: cd1a428655, Domestic Violence Research Paper Examples, Political Science Research Paper Examples, American Academy of Pediatrics: http://www.aap.org. You can use our professional writing services to order a custom research paper on child abuse and get your high quality paper at affordable price. However, here much prominence should be given to obesity as an example of inadequate nutrition, which, in its turn, is a typical example of neglect. Crosson-Tower, C. (2008). The young ones can be helped to talk about abuse in their lives and make them aware that it should be reported immediately (Alison et al 103).The media should also make it clear to the public that while it might appear as a choice to report such incidences to the authority, it is punishable by law if one is aware of such a thing and decides to remain discreet. These types of damages rarely happen by accident. (2008). In addition, several states distinguish between failure to provide based on financial inability and failure to provide for no apparent financial reason. The administrative functions of the child advocate. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children: http://www.missingkids.com/home. The literature on this issue tends to find that spanking stops misbehavior, but no more effectively than other firm measures. Failure to meet needs does not always mean a child is neglected, as situations such as poverty, cultural values, and community standards can influence the application of legal statutes. A rigid father would not let him, laugh at him for wanting to, punish him when he does, etc. Evolution of the social services that protect children. This can easily overwhelm vulnerable parents. Social learning theory in the context of family violence stresses that if children are abused or see abuse (toward siblings or a parent), those interactions and violent family members become the representations and role models for their future familial interactions. Child abuse is one of the acute problems that call for focused attention, prompt action and preventive measures. Along these lines, child protection agencies and programs should receive more funding. These situations can lead families to be at greater risk for child abuse. Sexual abuse usually includes activities by a parent or caretaker such as fondling a child’s genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. Many studies have shown that victims of child abuse are likely to participate in high-risk behaviors such as alcohol or drug abuse, the use of tobacco, and high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, large numbers of sexual partners). Even when child abuse is reported, social service agents and investigators may not follow up or substantiate reports for a variety of reasons. The younger the child, the more at risk he or she is for child abuse and neglect victimization. Medically, abused children likely will experience health problems due to the high frequency of physical injuries they receive. They do not want to be taken away from their parents, nor do they want to see their parents get into trouble. Here is an example of the child abuse outline dedicated to the issue of childhood obesity as nutritious neglect. Further, the use of physical punishment is inconsistent with nonviolent principles, or parental modeling. In addition, when parents don’t know about the fracture(s) or how it occurred, abuse should be considered, because when children get these types of injuries, they need comfort and attention. Further, these qualities tend to cause a fear of entering into new relationships, as well as the sabotaging of any current ones. They are also less able to defend themselves in conflict situations and guard themselves against repeated victimizations. This theory focuses on the idea that people who abuse their children have something wrong with their individual personality or biological makeup. Beyond that, interviews should take place in a safe, neutral location. In the United States, child mistreatment is defined as any act of omission or commission by either parent or caregiver that leads to harm or threat of harm to a child. They develop low self-esteem and little confidence, but seem old for their years. Basically, child abuse is classified in four namely: being assaulted sexually, emotionally, being neglected and physically (Alison et al 3). We also share research on trends affecting children and families. Some of the problems that arise when parents use spanking or other forms of physical punishment include the fact that spanking does not teach what children should do, nor does it provide them with alternative behavior options should the circumstance arise again. Straus, M. A. Nonetheless, there are several types of wounds that children are unlikely to give themselves during their normal course of play and exploration. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and antisocial personality disorder are both typical among maltreated children. One will be taken as an accomplice while trying to protect the clergy probably because of his reputation in the society at hand. One of the biggest problems with the use of corporal punishment is that it can escalate into much more severe forms of violence. Currently, many mandatory reporters (those required by law to report abuse such as teachers, doctors, and social service agency employees) and members of communities feel that child abuse should not be reported unless there is substantial evidence that abuse is indeed occurring. In addition, 15% of the victims experienced “other” types of maltreatment such as abandonment, threats of harm to the child, and congenital drug addiction (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, 2006). Further, infants are difficult even in the best of circumstances. The impact of child abuse affects more than one’s childhood, as the psychological and physical injuries often extend well into adulthood. Richards, C. E. (2001). Pitzer, R. L. (1997). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. Other stress-inducing familial characteristics are single-parent households and larger family size. First, interviewers must acknowledge that even when children are abused, they likely still love their parents. However, fractures in infants less than 12 months old are particularly suspect, as infants are unlikely to be able to accomplish the types of movement necessary to actually break a leg or an arm. Child maltreatment 2006: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Such injury is considered abuse regardless of the intention of the caretaker. Guterman, N. B. Unskilled parents may produce children that are happy and not as needy, and even though they are unskilled, they do not abuse because the child takes less effort. Burns are another type of physical injury that can happen by accident or by abuse. Theoretically, parents with these characteristics would be more likely to abuse their children, but if they are coupled with having a difficult child, they would be especially likely to be abusive. They are also not trusting and may not cry much, as they are not expecting to have their needs met. Some of these longer-lasting health problems include headaches; eating problems; problems with toileting; and chronic pain in the back, stomach, chest, and genital areas. They take care of their parents and cater to their parents’ needs, rather than the other way around. Alcohol abuse and PTSD. At the same time, children who are more difficult may have parents who are skilled and are able to handle and manage the extra effort these children take with aplomb. The second explanation for child abuse centers on the interaction between the parent and the child, noting that certain types of parents are more likely to abuse, and certain types of children are more likely to be abused, and when these less-skilled parents are coupled with these more difficult children, child abuse is the most likely to occur. This includes both verbal and nonverbal means of communication. Abused children this age become family nurturers. People look askance at parents who need help, and cannot believe parents who say anything negative about parenthood. At Christmas that year I read about Chipmunkapublishing, the mental health publisher, and contacted them. In the end, children rarely report child abuse; most often it is an adult who makes a report based on suspicion (e.g., teacher, counselor, doctor, etc.). Spiral or torsion fractures (when the bone is broken by twisting) are suspect because when children break their bones due to play injuries, the fractures are usually some other type (e.g., linear, oblique, compacted). Parents can pretend, lie, or cover up injuries or stories of how injuries occurred when social service agents come to investigate. DeBecker, G. (1999). These financial difficulties cause great stress for families in meeting the needs of the individual members. Modern children welfare policies and laws and their impact on the solution of the issue. If there is a possibility that a child is or has been abused, an investigation must be conducted. Older adolescents, because they are likely to have been abused for a longer period of time, continue to get further and further behind in their developmental achievements. All of papers you get at Grademiners.com are meant for research purposes only. Child advocates stress that this notion should be changed, and that people should report child abuse even if it is only suspected. In many cases these situations are experienced at home, societies or learning institutions the kid interacts with. These agencies typically do not share information, and if they did, more instances of child abuse would come to the attention of various authorities and could be investigated and managed. Surely, it can. Most children are defenseless against abuse, are dependent on their caretakers, and are unable to protect themselves from these acts. The loss of innocents: Child killers and their victims. (1994). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. They may suffer a ruptured spleen, or intestinal perforation. Research has also shown that most abused children fail to reach “successful psychosocial functioning,” and are thus not resilient and do not resume a “normal life” after the abuse has ended. Get discount 10% for the first order. In the United States, child mistreatment is defined as any act of omission or commission by either parent or caregiver that leads to harm or threat of harm to a child. This parent is more likely to fall back on what he or she knows as methods of discipline. In addition, adults who were abused but are able to form an emotionally supportive and satisfying relationship with a mate can make the transition to being nonviolent in their family interactions. Children this age are needy, impulsive, and not amenable to verbal control or effective communication. The victimization rate for children 1–3 years old was 14 per 1,000 children of the same age group. The batterer as parent. When media brings attention to child abuse by the clergy and how it is vital to report it creates positive attraction to all, experts and feedback from politicians to the situations which kids and youths get into. Neglect can encompass physical elements (e.g., failure to provide necessary food or shelter, or lack of appropriate supervision), medical elements (e.g., failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment), educational elements (e.g., failure to educate a child or attend to special educational needs), and emotional elements (e.g., inattention to a child’s emotional needs, failure to provide psychological care, or permitting the child to use alcohol or other drugs). These kinds of efforts can help more children to be raised in nonviolent, emotionally satisfying families, and thus become better adults. +1 (888) 305-4588. For example, malnutrition and withdrawal can be noticed in infants through teenagers. Estimates of Child Abuse: Methodological Limitations, III. Injuries to infants can be fatal, while similar injuries to older children might not be. Adolescent Substance Abuse - Adolescent Substance Abuse term papers on the sociological aspects of treatment and counseling for young people with Abuse issues. Another area of physical injury where the source of the injury can be difficult to detect is fractures. Writing in Canada. Finally, apart from new issues, unique pieces of art, investigated report by media, widespread awareness through media and sensitization of public are commenced. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Is it possible to downplay the memories of abuse? New York University Silver School of Social Work: http://socialwork.nyu.edu/. New York: Bantam Dell. Bancroft, L., & Silverman, J. G. (2002). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources. One such cultural view is that of societal support for physical punishment. Also, nonfatal injuries can turn fatal in the absence of care by neglectful parents or parents who do not want medical professionals to possibly identify an injury as being the result of abuse. 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